Amazon WorkSpaces plays nice with everyone. Access your personal Windows environment on Android, iOS, Fire, Mac, PC, Chromebook, and Linux devices. WATCH THE VIDEO. Windows. Latest 64 Bit Client. Download. Latest 32 …Feb 1, 2024 · Amazon WorkSpaces offers you an easy way to provide a secure, managed, cloud-based virtual desktop experience to your end-users. Unlike traditional on-premises Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) solutions, you don’t have to worry about procuring, deploying, and managing a complex environment – Amazon WorkSpaces takes care of …Amazon WorkSpaces plays nice with everyone. Access your personal Windows environment on Android, iOS, Fire, Mac, PC, Chromebook, and Linux devices. Amazon WorkSpaces makes it easy to access your Windows environment on any device. Download the client for Android, iOS, Fire, Mac, PC, Chromebook, or Linux devices here.Dec 13, 2022 ... Amazon introduced Amazon WorkSpaces Core, which is a set of VDI APIs for third-party software. By extending our partnership with Amazon, ... WorkSpaces Core allows you to pay for usage based on monthly subscriptions or hourly meters. With the monthly subscription offering, you pay a fixed monthly fee per virtual desktop for unlimited usage during the month. Unlimited usage pricing is ideal for workers who use the service as their primary desktop. With the hourly metering option, you ... Amazon WorkSpaces Core is a fully managed VDI hardware service that removes the need for capacity planning and infrastructure refresh while simplifying the provision and deployment of virtual desktops.6 days ago · OtterProducts 团队实施了 Amazon WorkSpaces 来虚拟化他们的客户服务环境，改进入职流程并支持远程员工。. “Otter Products 多年前就决定对其客户服务工作环境进行虚拟化。. 我们首先在本地测试了 VDI，发现它不符合成本效益，并且需要过多的劳动力和资 …6 days ago · cost-optimizer-for-amazon-workspaces.template − Use this template to launch Cost Optimizer for Amazon WorkSpaces and all associated components for your hub account (or single account if you only have one account). The default configuration deploys AWS Lambda functions, an Amazon ECS task definition, an Amazon CloudWatch event, …Mar 19, 2024 · 的 IP 地址和端口要求 WorkSpaces - Amazon WorkSpaces. 用于客户端应用程序的端口 用于 Web Access 的端口 要添加到允许列表的域和 IP 地址 运行状况检查服务器 PCoIP 网关服务器 WSP 网关服务器 WSP 网关域名 网络接口 按区域划分的 IP 地址和端口要求. 本文属于机器翻译版本 ...Mar 1, 2024 · Getting Started - Amazon WorkSpaces. Fully managed remote desktop service. Amazon WorkSpaces.Dec 7, 2021 · 登录亚马逊云科技管理控制台，切换至Amazon WorkSpaces服务页面，我们首先需要注册目录，选择之前的创建的目录服务并设置WorkSpaces所在的子网完成注册。. 点击启动WorkSpaces按钮创建Amazon WorkSpaces.在后续的步骤中我们选择之前创建的Directory Service目录，添加用户 ...Are you interested in working for one of the largest e-commerce companies in the world? If so, you’re in luck. Amazon is hosting a virtual job fair, and this could be your chance t...Fulfillment by Amazon, also known as FBA, is a service that’s provided to online sellers to streamline the inventory and selling process. Here are the basics of how the program wor...3 days ago · Amazon WorkSpaces 目前不支持与共享目录一起使用。 如果您将 AWS Managed Microsoft AD 目录配置为多区域复制，则只能注册主区域中的目录以便在 Amazon WorkSpaces 中使用。尝试在复制区域中注册该目录以用于 Amazon WorkSpaces 将失败。3 days ago · Standby WorkSpaces is a feature of Amazon WorkSpaces Multi-Region Resilience that streamlines the standby deployment creation and management. After setting up a user directory in your secondary Region, select the WorkSpace in your primary Region that you want to create a standby WorkSpace for. The system automatically mirrors the …A WorkSpace is a cloud-based virtual desktop within Amazon WorkSpaces that collects and provides an organization’s content, resources, and tools in a secure, fully managed …Standard pricing for Amazon WorkSpaces, Amazon WorkSpaces Web, and Amazon AppStream 2.0 applies when these services are used with WorkSpaces Thin Client. Pricing details. WorkSpaces Thin Client is available as a standalone device, or it can be bundled with an accessory hub. You pay a monthly service fee per device for remote …6 days ago · Standard pricing for Amazon WorkSpaces, Amazon WorkSpaces Web, and Amazon AppStream 2.0 applies when these services are used with WorkSpaces Thin Client. Pricing details. WorkSpaces Thin Client is available as a standalone device, or it can be bundled with an accessory hub. You pay a monthly service fee per device for remote … Starting in June 2020, WorkSpaces streams the desktop session for WSP WorkSpaces to clients over port 4195 instead of port 4172. If you want to use WSP WorkSpaces, make sure that port 4195 is open to traffic. WorkSpaces uses a small range of Amazon EC2 public IPv4 addresses for its WSP gateway servers. Nov 16, 2023 · In this workshop, you learn how to deploy cloud desktops using Amazon WorkSpaces. You will work directly in the AWS Management Console within the first 20 minutes of the workshop. You will dive deep into the WorkSpaces service, and learn about use cases, pricing, and streaming protocol options. During the workshop, you’ll interact with the ... LinkedIn. 29th September 2022 – Canonical is proud to announce the availability of Ubuntu WorkSpaces on AWS, a fully managed virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) on the public cloud and the first third-party Linux OS available on the platform. Ubuntu Desktop’s availability on Amazon WorkSpaces was announced today at the AWS End User ...1 day ago · For more information, see Access this computer from the network - security policy setting and Configure security policy settings in the Microsoft Windows documentation.. My users are having issues when they try to log on to WorkSpaces from WorkSpaces Web Access. Amazon WorkSpaces relies on a specific logon screen …Nov 27, 2023 · Introducing Amazon WorkSpaces Thin Client, a cost-effective computing device that provides simple, secure, and easy-to-manage access to virtual desktops. Laptops are often the default device choice for end user computing, but for customer service and back office workers it is a costlier choice. Not only it is the cost of laptop, but the added ...Amazon WorkSpaces is a managed, secure Desktop-as-a-Service (DaaS) solution. You can use Amazon WorkSpaces to provision either Windows or Linux desktops in just a few minutes and quickly scale to provide thousands of desktops to workers across the globe. You can pay either monthly or hourly, just for the WorkSpaces you launch, which helps …Dec 17, 2019 ... My understanding is that Adobe products (with the exception of the mobile or web-based products) must be installed on an individual user's ...WorkSpaces Windows client application - Amazon WorkSpaces. PDF. The following information will help you get started with the WorkSpaces Windows client application. …Nov 26, 2023 · The new Amazon WorkSpaces Thin Client improves end-user and IT staff productivity with cost-effective, secure, easy-to-manage access to virtual desktops. The devices are preconfigured and shipped directly to the end user, ready to deploy, connect, and use. Here’s my testing setup: The Thin Client is a small cube that connects directly to a monitor, keyboard, […] Amazon WorkSpaces Remote Desktop Solutions. You can use Amazon WorkSpaces to provision either Windows or Linux desktops in just a few minutes and quickly scale to provide thousands of desktops to workers across the globe. FREE TRIAL. Free for up to 50 users of the Windows Standard bundle at no charge for new WorkSpaces customers. Getting Started - Amazon WorkSpaces. Fully managed remote desktop service. 4 days ago · 支持的 PCoIP 功能. 下表比较了 PCoIP WorkSpaces 客户端支持的功能。. WorkSpaces 仅支持 Windows 客户端的 YubiKey 重定向。. 有关支持的设备列表，请参阅 WorkSpaces 客户端外围设备支持 。. 有关 YubiKey 重定向的更多信息，请参阅 硬件安全密钥 。. WorkSpaces 仅支持 WSP 上的 ...3 days ago · Standby WorkSpaces is a feature of Amazon WorkSpaces Multi-Region Resilience that streamlines the standby deployment creation and management. After setting up a user directory in your secondary Region, select the WorkSpace in your primary Region that you want to create a standby WorkSpace for. The system automatically mirrors the … Your Amazon Business bill includes one-time charges for WorkSpaces Thin Client devices, hubs, monitors, and peripherals. Your AWS bill includes the monthly WorkSpaces Thin Client service fee for each device and the monthly, hourly, or other usage-based fee for WorkSpaces, WorkSpaces Web, and AppStream 2.0. 1 day ago · For more information, see Access this computer from the network - security policy setting and Configure security policy settings in the Microsoft Windows documentation.. My users are having issues when they try to log on to WorkSpaces from WorkSpaces Web Access. Amazon WorkSpaces relies on a specific logon screen …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.In recent years, the concept of remote work has gained immense popularity, and many individuals are now seeking opportunities to work from the comfort of their own homes. One such ...1 day ago · Amazon WorkSpaces Thin Client is an end-user device and service that helps organizations reduce overall virtual desktop cost, strengthen security posture, and simplify end-user deployment. End users can set up a device in minutes, with no IT assistance. WorkSpaces Thin Client also helps improve security by preventing users from storing …Sep 23, 2021 ... So for work I need to boot from a Ubuntu USB stick. This works no problem and my pc works perfectly fine outside of this.Ubuntu WorkSpaces: virtual desktops, powered by AWS. Find out more at https://ubuntu.com/aws/workspaces00:08 Administrator flow: creating an Ubuntu WorkSpace...4 days ago · AWS Documentation Amazon WorkSpaces Web Administration Guide. Sign up for an AWS account Create an administrative user. Signing up and creating a user. Sign up for an AWS account. If you do not have an AWS account, complete the following steps to create one. To sign up for an AWS account.6 days ago · Amazon WorkSpaces Core is a fully managed VDI hardware service that removes the need for capacity planning and infrastructure refresh while simplifying the provision and deployment of virtual desktops. Amazon WorkSpaces plays nice with everyone. Access your personal Windows environment on Android, iOS, Fire, Mac, PC, Chromebook, and Linux devices. Amazon WorkSpaces makes it easy to access your Windows environment on any device. Download the client for Android, iOS, Fire, Mac, PC, Chromebook, or Linux devices here. If your Amazon WorkSpaces administrator has enabled it, you can integrate your WorkSpace with Amazon WorkDocs. You can use Amazon WorkDocs to store, sync, and ...Amazon WorkSpaces. Score 8.6 out of 10. N/A. Amazon WorkSpaces is a managed, secure cloud desktop service. Amazon WorkSpaces removes the complexity in managing hardware inventory, OS versions and patches, and … side-by-side comparison of Amazon WorkSpaces vs. Azure Virtual Desktop. based on preference data from user reviews. Amazon WorkSpaces rates 4.1/5 stars with 101 reviews. By contrast, Azure Virtual Desktop rates 4.2/5 stars with 27 reviews. Each product's score is calculated with real-time data from verified user reviews, to help you make the ... Oct 11, 2023 ... Citrix is announcing intended support for Amazon WorkSpaces Core. This new support allows for organizations to leverage Citrix to manage the ...6 days ago · With more employees working remotely using Amazon WorkSpaces, the company has been able to close 7,000 square meters of office space. Meanwhile, the average lifespan of employees’ devices increased from 5 years to 7 years because the requirements for running its workloads on Amazon WorkSpaces are lower than if …Mar 19, 2024 · WorkSpaces requirements. PDF RSS. The Amazon WorkSpaces service requires three components to deploy successfully: WorkSpaces client application — An Amazon WorkSpaces-supported client device. Refer to Getting Started with Your WorkSpace . You can also use Personal Computer over Internet Protocol (PCoIP) Zero …Get started with Amazon WorkSpaces, provide secure access to your applications anywhere anytime with this fully managed desktop as as service solution. Learn...Nov 18, 2022 · Introduction AWS customers use Amazon WorkSpaces Family services to support a wide range of workloads from enabling remote workers with cloud-based VDI solutions to turning desktop applications into software as a service (SaaS) without refactoring. Recognizing that every AWS customer has unique requirements, AWS …Sep 29, 2022 · LinkedIn. 29th September 2022 – Canonical is proud to announce the availability of Ubuntu WorkSpaces on AWS, a fully managed virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) on the public cloud and the first third-party Linux OS available on the platform. Ubuntu Desktop’s availability on Amazon WorkSpaces was announced today at the AWS End User ... Nov 26, 2023 · The new Amazon WorkSpaces Thin Client improves end-user and IT staff productivity with cost-effective, secure, easy-to-manage access to virtual desktops. The devices are preconfigured and shipped directly to the end user, ready to deploy, connect, and use. Here’s my testing setup: The Thin Client is a small cube that connects directly …Mar 19, 2024 · WorkSpaces requirements. PDF RSS. The Amazon WorkSpaces service requires three components to deploy successfully: WorkSpaces client application — An Amazon WorkSpaces-supported client device. Refer to Getting Started with Your WorkSpace . You can also use Personal Computer over Internet Protocol (PCoIP) Zero …A small living space can still be stylish. All you need are the perfect products and accessories to liven up your studio or one-bedroom apartment, while maximizing your space. “Thi...6 days ago · Amazon WorkSpaces は、ユーザーに人気のクラウドデスクトップサービスです。クラウドベースの Microsoft Windows 仮装デスクトップを簡単にプロビジョニングし、任意のデバイスから、いつでもどこでもアクセスできます。従来のデスクトップ型やオンプレミスの VDI に比べ、費用を削減できます。Mar 14, 2024 · To manage your login information for a WorkSpace. In the WorkSpaces client application, go to Settings, Manage Login Information.. In the Settings dialog box, you can see the registration code and Region information for your WorkSpace. (Optional) If you want the WorkSpaces client to remember your current registration code, enable Save …There are various companies that offer reliable, secure VDI models. Citrix Virtual Desktops and Amazon WorkSpaces are two virtual desktop solutions ruling the market today. Let us take a look at Citrix-managed Desktops and AWS WorkSpaces to find the fit that’s best for you. Amazon WorkSpaces Vs. Citrix: Know Which One Suits your …Amazon WorkSpaces Core is a fully managed VDI hardware service that removes the need for capacity planning and infrastructure refresh while simplifying the provision and deployment of virtual desktops.6 days ago · OtterProducts 团队实施了 Amazon WorkSpaces 来虚拟化他们的客户服务环境，改进入职流程并支持远程员工。. “Otter Products 多年前就决定对其客户服务工作环境进行虚拟化。. 我们首先在本地测试了 VDI，发现它不符合成本效益，并且需要过多的劳动力和资 …Fulfillment by Amazon, also known as FBA, is a service that’s provided to online sellers to streamline the inventory and selling process. Here are the basics of how the program wor...Get started with Amazon WorkSpaces, provide secure access to your applications anywhere anytime with this fully managed desktop as as service solution. Learn... The Amazon WorkSpaces application is easy to set up and use. Once you have installed the application on your iPad, you can quickly get started with your WorkSpace. First, enter a registration code provided by your IT Admin, and then sign-in with your credentials. If needed, your IT Admin will also provide you with instructions for setting up ... Amazon WorkSpaces offers an easy way to provide a cloud-based desktop experience to your end users. Select from a choice of bundles that offer a range of different amounts of CPU, memory, storage, and a choice of applications. Users can connect from a PC, Mac desktop computer, iPad, Kindle, or Android tablet. ...In today’s tech-driven world, online shopping has become increasingly popular. One of the giants in this industry is Amazon, which offers a wide range of products and services to i...Mar 19, 2024 · WorkSpaces requirements. PDF RSS. The Amazon WorkSpaces service requires three components to deploy successfully: WorkSpaces client application — An Amazon WorkSpaces-supported client device. Refer to Getting Started with Your WorkSpace . You can also use Personal Computer over Internet Protocol (PCoIP) Zero …Mar 2, 2024 · Getting Started - Amazon WorkSpaces. Fully managed remote desktop service. Amazon WorkSpaces. Amazon Workspaces is a great solution for businesses looking to reduce IT costs and increase efficiency. However, Azure Virtual Desktop offers more features with an improved pricing structure. Thus, let us assess the pros and cons of Azure Virtual Desktop to evaluate its potential. Key Takeaway: Amazon Workspaces offers a secure, easy-to-manage ... In today’s digital age, protecting your personal information has become more important than ever. With the increasing popularity of online shopping, many people rely on platforms l...6 days ago · Before you can configure Amazon WorkSpaces Web to reach your internal websites and SaaS applications, you must complete the following prerequisites. Topics. Signing up and creating a user; Granting programmatic access; Networking and access In the Turn Off Windows Installer dialog box, change Not Configured to Enabled, and then set Disable Windows Installer to Never. Choose OK. To apply the group policy changes, do one of the following: Reboot the WorkSpace (in the WorkSpaces console, select the WorkSpace, then choose Actions, Reboot WorkSpaces ). Mar 15, 2024 · 自定义用户如何登录他们的 WorkSpaces. 使用统一资源标识符 (URI) 自定义用户的访问权限，从而提供与组织中现有工作流程集成的简化登录体验。. WorkSpaces 例如，您可以自动生成登录 URI，使用用户的注册码来 WorkSpaces 注册用户。. 因此：. 用户可以跳过手动注册 ...Nov 20, 2023 · Attend our re:Invent session EUC202, Monitor Amazon WorkSpaces user access patterns with Amazon CloudWatch, where Aamir and I will show you how to use Amazon CloudWatch to build dashboards that surface important WorkSpaces user access information. During this interactive workshop, you’ll have access to the latest features in …Mar 15, 2024 · Amazon WorkSpaces is a fully managed, secure Desktop-as-a-Service (DaaS) solution that runs on AWS. With Amazon WorkSpaces, customers can easily provision virtual, cloud-based Microsoft Windows desktops for their users, providing them access to the documents, applications, and resources they need, anywhere, anytime, …In recent years, online grocery shopping has become increasingly popular, and one of the leading players in this space is Amazon Prime. With its vast network of warehouses and deli...Apr 4, 2023 · WorkSpaces Core is part of the Amazon WorkSpaces Family services. AWS EUC service offerings within the WorkSpaces Family services share a common infrastructure stack, maximizing customers’ and partners’ flexibility and choice. In February 2023 we announced Workspot Cloud PCs powered by Amazon WorkSpaces Core. With this …Mar 1, 2024 · Getting Started - Amazon WorkSpaces. Fully managed remote desktop service. Amazon WorkSpaces.The Canadian consumer market is a thriving space for businesses to tap into, with Amazon being a significant player in the e-commerce landscape. As one of the largest online market...Amazon WorkSpaces is a service that lets you use your personal Windows environment on various devices, such as Android, iOS, Fire, Mac, PC, Chromebook, and Linux. You can …Oct 17, 2012 · WorkSpaces. 您可以使用跨区域重定向和 DNS 故障转移路由策略，实现区域灾难恢复能力和高可用性。. 您也可以将此功能用于其他目的，例如流量分配或 WorkSpaces 在维护期间提供替代方案。. 如果您使用 Amazon Route 53 进行 DNS 配置，则可以利用监控亚马逊 CloudWatch 警报 ...Mar 19, 2024 · 亚马逊 WorkSpaces 支持两种协议：PCoIP 和 WorkSpaces 流媒体协议 (WSP)。 您选择的协议取决于多个因素，例如您的用户将 WorkSpaces 从哪种设备访问他们的设备、您使用的操作系统 WorkSpaces、您的用户将面临的网络状况以及您的用户是否需要双向视频支持。The Amazon Connect agent workspace is a web-based agent desktop application for Amazon Connect that integrates multiple capabilities to provide guidance …1 day ago · For more information, see Access this computer from the network - security policy setting and Configure security policy settings in the Microsoft Windows documentation.. My users are having issues when they try to log on to WorkSpaces from WorkSpaces Web Access. Amazon WorkSpaces relies on a specific logon screen …3 days ago · Choose (double-click) the Install Amazon WorkDocs desktop shortcut on your WorkSpace. In the Amazon WorkDocs Setup dialog box, choose Get Started. Ignore the prompt to provide a WorkDocs site URL, and instead choose Enter a WorkSpaces registration code under the Next button. In the Registration Code box, enter the … Choose Install update if you see the software update prompt when launching the WorkSpaces client application. Choose Next on the Amazon WorkSpaces Setup screen of the installer. The installer will detect if the newer version of the WorkSpaces client is installed, and offer the option to repair or remove it. Learn about the capabilities of Amazon WorkSpaces as a remote desktop solution. Learn how to use default images, create custom images, customize and deploy WorkSpaces, and more.Fulfillment by Amazon, also known as FBA, is a service that’s provided to online sellers to streamline the inventory and selling process. Here are the basics of how the program wor...Mar 13, 2024 · Amazon WorkSpaces plays nice with everyone. Access your personal Windows environment on Android, iOS, Fire, Mac, PC, Chromebook, and Linux devices. WATCH THE VIDEO. Windows. Latest 64 Bit Client. Download. Latest 32 Bit Client. Download Release notes.Self-publishing on Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) platform is an attractive option for authors looking to get their work out into the world. With KDP, authors can easily u...It Works Greens contains several ingredients, such as magnesium and potassium, that may cause side effects such as stomach upset and vomiting, according to Amazon.com and WebMD. Ho...Nov 14, 2023 · Amazon WorkSpaces provides administrators with a fully managed virtual desktop infrastructure, which scales on-demand, with no up-front commitment costs. Amazon available in Microsoft Windows, Amazon Linux 2, and Ubuntu based versions. Foundational challenges with the maintenance of a persistent virtual desktop …
Workspace pricing is either per month, for users that primarily use Workspaces as their main desktop, or per hour for those in your workforce making occasional use of the workspace. Ubuntu …. Free savefrom
Getting Started - Amazon WorkSpaces. Fully managed remote desktop service. Administer your WorkSpaces. You can administer your WorkSpaces using the WorkSpaces console. To perform directory administration tasks, see Set up Active Directory Administration Tools for WorkSpaces. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Oct 17, 2012 · WorkSpaces. 您可以使用跨区域重定向和 DNS 故障转移路由策略，实现区域灾难恢复能力和高可用性。. 您也可以将此功能用于其他目的，例如流量分配或 WorkSpaces 在维护期间提供替代方案。. 如果您使用 Amazon Route 53 进行 DNS 配置，则可以利用监控亚马逊 CloudWatch 警报 ...There are various companies that offer reliable, secure VDI models. Citrix Virtual Desktops and Amazon WorkSpaces are two virtual desktop solutions ruling the market today. Let us take a look at Citrix-managed Desktops and AWS WorkSpaces to find the fit that’s best for you. Amazon WorkSpaces Vs. Citrix: Know Which One Suits your …6 days ago · End user computing product offers from the AWS Free Tier. You can use Amazon WorkSpaces to provision either Windows or Linux desktops in just a few minutes and quickly scale to provide thousands of desktops to workers across the globe. Free for up to 50 users of the Windows Standard bundle at no charge for new WorkSpaces customers.To see which version of the WorkSpaces client you have, choose Amazon WorkSpaces, About Amazon WorkSpaces, or click the gear icon in the upper-right corner and choose …Amazon WorkSpaces is the VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure) solution available from Amazon Web Services (AWS).As a managed, secure Desktop-as-a-Service (DaaS) solution, you can use Amazon WorkSpaces to provision either Windows or Linux desktops in just a few minutes and quickly scale to provide thousands of desktops to workers …Oct 23, 2020 · Amazon WorkSpaces is Amazon’s entry into the DaaS field and gives businesses the ability to create persistent, virtual, and cloud-hosted Windows and Linux workstations. Like other DaaS solutions ...Mar 15, 2024 · 自定义用户如何登录他们的 WorkSpaces. 使用统一资源标识符 (URI) 自定义用户的访问权限，从而提供与组织中现有工作流程集成的简化登录体验。. WorkSpaces 例如，您可以自动生成登录 URI，使用用户的注册码来 WorkSpaces 注册用户。. 因此：. 用户可以跳过手动注册 ...6 days ago · Standard pricing for Amazon WorkSpaces, Amazon WorkSpaces Web, and Amazon AppStream 2.0 applies when these services are used with WorkSpaces Thin Client. Pricing details. WorkSpaces Thin Client is available as a standalone device, or it can be bundled with an accessory hub. You pay a monthly service fee per device for remote …Amazon operates a website called AmazonSmile that’s just like Amazon.com with the same products, prices and information. Amazon customers who use AmazonSmile enjoy having a choice ... Introducing Amazon WorkSpaces Thin Client. Amazon WorkSpaces Thin Client reduces end-user computing costs and simplifies device logistics by shipping directly from Amazon fulfillment centers to end users or company locations. End users can set up a device in minutes, with no IT assistance. It also helps improve security by preventing users from ... .